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Objective:To learn about the iodine nutrition level of school-age children aged 8 - 10 in Shaanxi Province.Methods:From 2017 to 2020, in counties (cities, districts) under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Province, one township (street) was selected from five directions: East, West, South, North and Middle, one primary school was selected from each township (street), and 42 non-boarding school-age children aged 8 - 10 (age balanced, half male and half female) were selected from each primary school. Random urine samples of children were collected once, and urinary iodine was detected by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Results:A total of 91 766 children's urine samples were tested from 2017 to 2020, and the median urinary iodine was 221.7 μg/L. Urinary iodine < 100 μg/L accounted for 10.4% (9 554/91 766), 100 - < 200 μg/L accounted for 32.3% (29 602/91 766), 200 - < 300 μg/L accounted for 30.6% (28 065/91 766), and ≥300 μg/L accounted for 26.7% (24 545/91 766). The median of children's urinary iodine in each year was 228.5, 218.0, 211.7, and 230.1 μg/L, respectively, the difference between years was statistically significant ( H = 278.66, P < 0.001). Conclusion:From 2017 to 2020, the iodine nutrition of school-age children aged 8 - 10 in Shaanxi Province is generally in an ultra-suitable state.
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Objective:This study aims to provide scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders through monitoring the iodine nutrition status of children and pregnant women in Shaanxi Province.Methods:Totally 110 counties (cities, districts) in Shaanxi Province in 2019 were surveyed. Each of the counties (cities, districts) was further divided into five sampled regions along five different geographic directions: east, west, south, north and middle. From each region, one town was selected and then one primary school was selected from each town. Finally, there were a total of 42 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 years old (age and gender balanced) selected from each school, who would be tested household salt iodine's level and urinary iodine's level. Also, we did the same test for 21 pregnant women who were selected from each town randomly. Additionally, we examined the children's thyroid by B-scan ultrasonograph in 39 counties (cities, districts).Results:A total of 23 101 salt and urine samples were collected from children aged 8 - 10 years old, the average of salt iodine content of the children' family was (24.07 ± 3.71) mg/kg; the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.55% (22 536/23 101); the median urinary iodine was 211.68 μg/L; and the thyroid goiter rate (TGR) was 1.50% (123/8 191). A total of 11 555 salt and urine samples from pregnant women were collected, the salt iodine content was (24.05 ± 3.66) mg/kg; and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.57% (11 274/11 555); the median urinary iodine was 182.74 μg/L.Conclusions:In 2019, the iodine nutrition of children in Shaanxi Province is in the super appropriate level, and the iodine nutrition of pregnant women is appropriate. The iodine content of edible salt can be adjusted. It is suggested that pregnant women should be supplied special iodized salt.
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Objective:To master the iodine nutrition status of children and pregnant women after adjustment of salt iodization content in Shaanxi Province, and provide scientific basis for preventing and treating iodine deficiency disorders.Methods:In 2018, 107 counties (cities, districts) in Shaanxi Province were divided into three districts in Guanzhong, northern Shaanxi and southern Shaanxi for studying iodine nutrition based on terrain distribution. Among them, each monitoring county (city, district) was further divided into 5 sampling areas according to east, west, south, north, and middle locations. One township (street) was selected in each location, and forty-two 8 - 10 years old non-boarding children (age and sex balanced) and 21 pregnant women were selected in each township (street), edible salt samples and random urine samples were collected for salt iodine, urinary iodine testing, and goiter of children was examined.Results:A total of 34 264 edible salt samples from 8 - 10 years old children and pregnant women were collected, the median salt iodine was 23.80 mg/kg, and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 96.98% (33 229/34 264). The median salt iodine and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate were statistically significantly different among the three regions in Guanzhong, northern Shaanxi, and southern Shaanxi ( H = 26.471, χ 2 = 32.371, P < 0.05). A total of 22 895 urine samples were collected from children, with a median urinary iodine of 218.00 μg/L, which was at an ultra-suitable level of iodine nutrition; and 11 369 urine samples from pregnant women were collected, with a median urinary iodine of 181.03 μg/L, which was at an appropriate level of iodine nutrition. The median urinary iodine of pregnant women in Guanzhong, northern Shaanxi, and southern Shaanxi was 186.39, 177.52, and 176.00 μg/L, respectively. A total of 22 895 children aged 8 to 10 years old were examined, the goiter rate was 1.35% (309/22 895), and there was no significant difference between different regions (χ 2 = 3.395, P > 0.05). Conclusions:Shaanxi Province has reached the standard for elimination of persistent iodine deficiency, children's iodine nutrition is at a ultra-suitable level, and pregnant women is at an appropriate level.
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Objective@#To analyze the operation situation of urinary iodine, salt iodine and water iodine external quality assessment network of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) laboratories in Shaanxi Province in 2018, and to ensure the need for IDD surveillance in Shaanxi Province at all levels.@*Methods@#In 2018, the provincial, municipal, and county-level IDD laboratories in Shaanxi Province were evaluated for urinary iodine, salt iodine and water iodine external quality control. Among them, 1 provincial, 10 municipal, and 107 county-level laboratories took part in the testing of urinary iodine assessment; 1 provincial, 10 municipal and 39 county-level laboratories took part in the testing of salt iodine assessment; and 1 provincial, 10 municipal and 83 county-level laboratories took part in the testing of water iodine. The testing results of urinary iodine were statistically analyzed with the │Z│ score method (qualified: │Z│≤2; basically qualified: 2 <│Z│ < 3; unqualified:│Z│≥3), salt iodine and water iodine were analyzed with reference value ± uncertainty (the test results were qualified within this range; less than or exceeded was unqualified).@*Results@#The │Z│ scores of 1 provincial, 10 municipal and 107 county-level laboratories for urinary iodine were < 3; the test results of 1 provincial, 10 municipal and 39 county-level laboratories for salt iodine, and 1 provincial, 10 municipal and 83 county-level laboratories for water iodine were qualified within reference value ± uncertainty range. All the IDD laboratories were passed the external quality control assessment of 2018. Both the feedback rate and qualified rate of the testing results were 100.00%,@*Conclusion@#The testing ability of all the laboratories are stable and reliable, it can provide a reliable laboratory quality assurance for surveillance and control of IDD.
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Objective To analyze the operation situation of urinary iodine,salt iodine and water iodine external quality assessment network of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) laboratories in Shaanxi Province in 2018,and to ensure the need for IDD surveillance in Shaanxi Province at all levels.Methods In 2018,the provincial,municipal,and county-level IDD laboratories in Shaanxi Province were evaluated for urinary iodine,salt iodine and water iodine external quality control.Among them,1 provincial,10 municipal,and 107 county-level laboratories took part in the testing of urinary iodine assessment;1 provincial,10 municipal and 39 county-level laboratories took part in the testing of salt iodine assessment;and 1 provincial,10 municipal and 83 county-level laboratories took part in the testing of water iodine.The testing results of urinary iodine were statistically analyzed with the |Z| score method (qualified:|Z| ≤2;basically qualified:2 ＜ |Z| ＜ 3;unqualified:|Z| ≥3),salt iodine and water iodine were analyzed with reference value ± uncertainty (the test results were qualified within this range;less than or exceeded was unqualified).Results The |Z| scores of 1 provincial,10 municipal and 107 county-level laboratories for urinary iodine were ＜ 3;the test results of 1 provincial,10 municipal and 39 county-level laboratories for salt iodine,and 1 provincial,10 municipal and 83 county-level laboratories for water iodine were qualified within reference value ± uncertainty range.All the IDD laboratories were passed the external quality control assessment of 2018.Both the feedback rate and qualified rate of the testing results were 100.00％,Conclusion The testing ability of all the laboratories are stable and reliable,it can provide a reliable laboratory quality assurance for surveillance and control of IDD.
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Objective To evaluate the testing ability for water iodine at provincial,municipal and countylevel laboratories in Shaanxi Province in 2017,and to improve their detection levels.Methods One provincial,10 municipal and 66 county laboratories for the first time took part in the evaluation of testing results of water iodine.The evaluation results were statistically evaluated using the Z score method.When ｜Z｜ ≤2,it was qualified;when 2 ＜ ｜Z｜ ＜ 3,it was basically qualified;when ｜Z｜ ≥3,it was unqualified.Results All laboratories passed the external quality control assessment.Both the feedback rate and the qualified rate were 100％ (77/77).The provincial laboratory,7 municipal laboratories,and 42 county-level laboratories all had scores of ｜ Z ｜ ＜ 1,and the test results were qualified.Conclusions The testing ability of laboratories in Shaanxi Province is maintained at a higher level.It is able to provide reliable and strong technical support for the need in sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.
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Objective To analyze the status of urinary and salt iodine external quality of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) laboratories in Shaanxi Province,and to evaluate the detection ability and quality level of IDD laboratories in Shaanxi Province at all levels.Methods In 2017,external quality control assessment of laboratories for IDD at the provincial,municipal,and county levels was conducted in Shaanxi Province.There were 1 provincial,10 municipal,and 57 county-level laboratories participated in urinary iodine assessment,and 1 provincial,10 municipal,and 36 county-level laboratories for salt iodine assessment.The testing results of urinary iodine were analyzed with Z score method (qualified:｜Z｜ ≤2;basically qualified:2 ＜ ｜Z｜ ＜ 3;unqualified:｜Z｜ ≥3),salt iodine was analyzed with reference value ± uncertainty (the test results were qualified within this range;less than or exceeded was unqualified).Results One provincial,10 municipal,and 57 county-level laboratories for urinary iodine,and 1 provincial,10 municipal,and 36 county-level laboratories for salt iodine were all passed the external quality control assessment.Both the feedback rate and qualified rate of the testing results were 100.0％.Conclusion The detection ability and quality level of urinary and salt iodine in IDD laboratories in Shaanxi Province are stable and reliable,it can provide a reliable laboratory quality assurance for surveillance and control of IDD.